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IEA Lowers 2025 Oil Demand Forecasts Amid Energy Transition And Economic Uncertainty

The International Energy Agency (IEA) has recently revised its global oil demand forecasts downward for 2025, reflecting the complex interplay of evolving energy markets, economic conditions, and accelerating climate initiatives. This adjustment signals a significant shift in the global energy landscape, as nations and industries increasingly pivot towards more sustainable and renewable energy sources.

The ongoing global energy transition is one of the primary drivers behind the IEA’s updated forecast. As governments worldwide implement stricter environmental regulations and invest heavily in renewable energy infrastructure, the demand for fossil fuels, including oil, is expected to diminish. The push towards electrification, particularly in the transportation sector, is a key factor in reducing future oil consumption. The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) and advancements in battery technology are set to reduce reliance on traditional oil-based fuels, contributing to a slower growth rate in oil demand.

Moreover, economic factors play a crucial role in shaping the IEA’s outlook. The global economy, still recovering from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, faces new challenges, including inflationary pressures and geopolitical tensions. These issues are creating an environment of uncertainty, dampening investment in oil-dependent industries and potentially slowing economic growth, which in turn affects oil demand.

The IEA’s revised forecast also takes into account the potential for structural changes in energy consumption patterns. As digitalisation and energy efficiency measures become more widespread, industries are likely to reduce their energy intensity, further curbing the oil demand. Additionally, the ongoing shift in consumer behaviour towards sustainability is expected to drive down demand in sectors traditionally reliant on oil.

Despite these downward revisions, the oil industry is not expected to disappear overnight. Oil will continue to play a significant role in the global energy mix for years to come, particularly in sectors where alternatives are not yet economically viable. However, the IEA’s updated forecasts highlight the need for oil producers to adapt to a rapidly changing market, where demand growth is no longer guaranteed.

EU Moderates Emissions While Sustaining Economic Momentum

The European Union witnessed a modest decline in greenhouse gas emissions in the second quarter of 2025, as reported by Eurostat. Emissions across the EU registered at 772 million tonnes of CO₂-equivalents, marking a 0.4 percent reduction from 775 million tonnes in the same period of 2024. Concurrently, the EU’s gross domestic product rose by 1.3 percent, reinforcing the ongoing decoupling between economic growth and environmental impact.

Sector-By-Sector Performance

Within the broader statistics on emissions by economic activity, the energy sector—specifically electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply—experienced the most significant drop, declining by 2.9 percent. In comparison, the manufacturing sector and transportation and storage both achieved a 0.4 percent reduction. However, household emissions bucked the trend, increasing by 1.0 percent over the same period.

National Highlights And Notable Exceptions

Among EU member states, 12 reported a reduction in emissions, while 14 saw increases, and Estonia’s figures remained static. Notably, Slovenia, the Netherlands, and Finland recorded the most pronounced declines at 8.6 percent, 5.9 percent, and 4.2 percent respectively. Of the 12 countries reducing emissions, three—Finland, Germany, and Luxembourg—also experienced a contraction in GDP growth.

Dual Achievement: Environmental And Economic Goals

In an encouraging development, nine member states, including Cyprus, managed to lower their emissions while maintaining economic expansion. This dual achievement—reducing environmental impact while fostering economic activity—is a trend that has increasingly influenced EU climate policies. Other nations that successfully balanced these outcomes include Austria, Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Romania, Slovenia, and Sweden.

Conclusion

As the EU continues to navigate its climate commitments, these quarterly insights underscore a gradual yet significant shift toward balancing emissions reductions with robust economic growth. The evolving landscape highlights the critical need for sustainable strategies that not only mitigate environmental risks but also invigorate economic resilience.

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